After thousands of years of development, Shanwei has transformed from a small fishing village into an important port city
Jinyang.com reporter Wang Manqi
Mazu, the belief in the sea god in the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong in my country, has been passed down for thousands of years and has become the “Goddess of Peace at Sea” that connects the emotional bonds of Chinese and overseas Chinese. Babaylan 1990 cloth drawIn 2009, the “Mazu Faith and Customs” nominated by China was successfully declared as an intangible cultural heritage of human beings in the world, becoming the first world heritage of China’s beliefs and customs; in the same year, the “Fengshan Mazu Temple Fair” declared by Shanwei was also listed as a provincial intangible cultural heritage. For a hundred years, Fengshan Ancestral Temple has been an important force in spreading Mazu culture, and Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw has witnessed the transformation of a small fishing village into a port city in the changing world.
From Fujian to Guangdong
The legend of Mazu originates from the legendary story of Lin Mo, a fisherman on Meizhou Island, Putian, Fujian during the Northern Song Dynasty: Lin Mo rescues the poor and often rescues the dead fishermen and navigators in the angry sea. In 987 AD, she unfortunately died while rescuing the ships killed in Meizhou Baykou at the age of 28. People praised her merits and believed that Lin Mo had “been ascended to heaven”, so they set up a temple to worship her and respectfully called her “Mazu”. From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Mazu was constantly enfeoffed by emperors of all dynasties 36 times, and eventually became the “sea god” and “Holy Mother of the Queen” admired by the people.
The faith of Mazu was first introduced to Shanwei. It is located in Jiazi, a coastal town in the southeast of Shanwei. There is a Tianhou Temple, which was built in the fifth year of Qiandao in the Southern Song Dynasty (1169 AD). It has been standing for 850 years. Today, in Shanwei (known as Haifeng County in ancient times), most of the residents under their jurisdiction moved from southern Fujian from the Ming Dynasty, and mainly made a living by fishing. Fishermen worshipped the Mazu’s throne under the mast of the fishing boat, thus bringing the Mazu faith to the eastern coast of Guangdong.
At the late Ming Dynasty, as more and more Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw ships and fishermen settled around Shanwei Fishing Port, believers built a simple bamboo shed temple on the shore of Pinqing Lake and the southern foot of Fengshan Mountain, introducing the spirit-dividing incense of Mazu in Meizhou, which is the source of Fengshan Ancestral Temple. According to historical records, during the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, Longshan, Dade and Chang under the jurisdiction of Haifeng, the Longshan, Dade and Chang were employed by Haifeng.Tianhou Temple was built in sand and other places. At this initial stage of Mazu’s belief in settlement in Shanwei, the historical and cultural characteristics of “before the people and then the temple, and Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw gather people with temples”.
Prosper by the sea
How can the Mazu culture in Shanwei be spread through the carrier of Fengshan Ancestral Temple? This starts with the prosperity of Shanwei Port. In the early years of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, the number of fishing boats gathered by Shanwei Port increased day by day, and both fishing and commerce had developed greatly. The simple temples under Fengshan were originally unable to meet the needs of more and more admirers among the people. Therefore, in the sixth year of Qianlong (1741 AD), the “First Affairs of the Construction of Fengshan Ancestral Temple” was formed by the wise men of the people, wealthy businessmen, fishermen, representatives of major clans, and fishermen. After more than a year of construction, it was successfully completed the following year. Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw built a temple with three-in-two courtyard layout in Chaoshan architectural style, with the main building area of 840 square meters.
More than 180 years after the Fengshan Ancestral Temple was built, by the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Shanwei Port entered its second golden period of development. He Xiafeng, the former head of the Cultural Relics Section of Fengshan Zumiao Tourism Zone Management Office, and retired as the first stationmaster of Fengshan Cultural Station. Luo Zang, a cadre, discovered in his long-term study of Shanwei Mazu culture: In 1903, Haifeng County traded foreign trade, and successively opened passenger and freight shipping on Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shantou and other routes, and trade was prosperous. In 1909, International Wanguo Company built a lighthouse on the Zhelang Peninsula, attracting many foreign port fishing boats to gather in Shanwei Fishery, and also boosted the shipbuilding and fishing industry in Shanwei Port. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Babaylan 1990 cloth draw industry supports handicrafts, commerce and the development of the catering industry; Sun Yat-sen’s “Founding Strategy II” also describes the grand occasion of Shanwei Fishing Port: “Because Shanwei Port has a very good bay and a good fishing ground, it has been from Hong Kong and Macau during the years., western Guangdong, Fujian and other places tow boats in this port are no less than one or two thousand…” In order to adapt to the development of fishery, this coastal town in Shanwei has been expanded three times, and a large number of arcades that are imitated in European style were built along the streets. As of the last century, Babaylan 1990 clothes Draw From the 1920s to the 1930s, Shanwei was known as the “Golden Shanwei” and “Little Hong Kong”.
The prosperous temple was developed. As a fishing practitioner and the “guardian god” of the port, the revitalization of the Fengshan Ancestral Temple of Mazu was put on the agenda. In early November of 1934, a magnificent Fengshan Ancestral Temple with carved dragons and painted phoenixes and magnificent Fengshan Ancestral Temple was repaired. The lively sacrifice and folk celebration activities lasted for more than half a month. From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the Fengshan Ancestral Temple was once crowded into a school. Until the reform and opening up, Mazu culture was reaffirmed. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Babaylan 1990 cloth draw respect and promote it. In 1991, the Shanwei City Urban District People’s Government approved Fengshan Ancestral Temple as a county (district) cultural relics protection unit, and in the same year, the Fengshan Ancestral Temple Cultural Relics Management Office and the Fengshan Ancestral Temple Construction Council were established. In December 1994, the first phase of the Fengshan Ancestral Temple project was successfully completed, basically retaining the original appearance of the first re-light in 1934 Komiks 1960 witch clothes Draw, newly expanded Tianhou Pavilion, and erected the second large Mazu stone statue in the country, the “Holy Mother of the Queen” (a href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw, a statue of Mazu, Meizhou Island), 16.83 meters high and weighing more than 1,000 tons, is carved from 468 granite stones. Mazu Cultural Square under Fengshan, Babaylan 1990 cloth draw covers an area of 60,000 square meters, and is currently the largest square named after Mazu in the country.
Today, Shanwei Fengshan Ancestral Temple has become an important activity center for Mazu culture in Hailufeng area and even in eastern Guangdong. Fengshan Ancestral Temple Tourism Zone has become a national 4A-level scenic spot, receiving nearly one million tourists at home and abroad every year.
Fengshan Zu Temple receives nearly one million tourists at home and abroad every year. Reporter Wang Manqi Photo by
Creative tiesCinema 1950 witch cloth draw
Since the Qing Dynasty, Mazu worship has evolved from a regional folk belief to a world-wide Cinema 1950 witch cloth drawRespect and respect, especially in the Han cultural circle, and almost all ports living by Chinese people in Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, etc. have the existence of the Heavenly Palace.
It is worth mentioning that Mazu worship culture has always been a cultural link connecting the emotions between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. For Taiwanese people, Mazu represents “roots” and represents attachment to their hometown. Cinema 1950 witch cloth drawMazu CultureBabaylan 1990 cloth drawSame as Babaylan 1990 cloth draw has always connected the friendship between local sages and overseas Chinese at home and abroad. Chen Bijiang, president of Shanwei Mazu Cultural Association, said that there are currently more than 1.3 million compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Mazu is the common spiritual sustenance of many local sages. From 2005 to the present, Shanwei has successfully held many Mazu Cultural Tourism Festivals and economic and trade activities with the Fengshan Zumiao Tourism Zone as a carrier. According to reports, at the China Mazu Cultural Tourism Festival held this year, dozens of calligraphers and painters from Beijing, Taiwan and other places worked together with local artists in Shanwei to carry out artistic cooperation of “soul fit and cross-strait harmony”. In recent years, Shanwei City has advocated Mazu culture to unite people’s hearts and gather overseas Chinese through regular cultural exchanges and cooperation with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, making Fengshan Ancestral Temple gradually become a spiritual home and cultural paradise for Chinese at home and abroad.
Interview
The essence of Mazu culture is consistent with traditional culture
Zhou Jinyan Chinese MazuExecutive Deputy Secretary-General of the Cultural Exchange Association
Yangcheng Evening News: What kind of historical positioning does Mazu culture have in traditional Chinese culture?
Zhou Jinyan: The essence of Mazu culture is consistent with the core ideas and concepts of China’s excellent traditional culture, Chinese traditional virtues, and Chinese humanistic spirit. The Mazu culture characteristics of “peace, harmony, and tolerance” are reflected in the core ideas and concepts of the excellent traditional Chinese culture, such as Tao follows nature, unity of man and nature, harmony, and seeking great equality. The Mazu spirit of “establishing morality, doing good, and great love” is consistent with the social custom of respecting morality and goodness, and the idea of benefiting the people. The educational idea of exhorting goodness in Mazu culture, the customs and habits of praying for peace and stability in the Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw, and the many works of Mazu that have been passed down to this day are all manifestations of the Chinese humanistic spirit. In 2016, “Give full play to the positive role of folk cultures such as Mazu culture” was written into the national “13th Five-Year Plan”, which fully demonstrates that Mazu culture has become an important part of the national strategic resource, and also emphasizes the particularity of Mazu culture as Chinese folk culture.
Yangcheng Evening News: What are the characteristics of Guangdong Mazu culture inheritance and communication?
Zhou Jinyan: Guangdong is connected to Fujian’s mountains and rivers, and is one of the earliest influences to spread Mazu’s beliefs outward. Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, the development of the southeast coastal marine economy, the formation of commercial transportation routes, the migration of Fujian immigrants and marine activities have all become key factors for the introduction of Mazu’s beliefs into Guangdong. Maritime businessmen are an important dissemination group of Mazu’s beliefs in Guangdong. Guangdong people are good at merchants and have a very developed navigation industry. In the past, red-headed ships entering and leaving ports such as Chaoshan were loaded with cargo from Taiwan, Fujian, Jiangsu and Zhejiang to Tianjin, and in the south, reaching Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Leizhou, Hainan, and directly to Southeast Asia. Therefore, before boarding the boat, merchants and fishermen always go to Ma Palace to incense and make wishes. When they return safely, they kneel down to Ma Palace to fulfill their wishes. Babaylan 1990 clothes draw, and worshiping Mazu’s piety is no less than that of Fujian people. Overall, Guangdong Mazu culture communication is a layout of “points”, “lines” and “surfaces” transmission along the coastal zone.
Yangcheng Evening News: How to continue to write good articles on Mazu culture in the context of national cultural confidence and cultural revitalization in the new era?
Zhou Jinyan: In the new era, we will highlight serving world peace and play an active role in promoting the building of a community with a shared future for mankind. This is the Mazu culture inNew mission of the new era. Regionally, we should focus on the Maritime Silk Road to radiate and expand the dissemination of Mazu culture in neighboring countries and regions; in terms of population, we should focus on overseas Chinese, especially chambers of commerce in all parts of the world, to promote and drive the dissemination and development of Mazu culture in the country where we are located; in terms of carriers, we should focus on assisting the “Belt and Road” initiative to expand and promote the dissemination and development of Mazu culture to the world.
In the context of the new era, promoting Mazu culture can also promote the integration and development of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, promoting the mutual understanding of the people through the local love between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, and using the local culture between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait to enhance Mazu culture, and treat it as the common homesickness of compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Extension
Fengshan Temple Fair displays folk culture
Every year, the Fengshan Ancestral Temple in Shanwei holds a number of large-scale folk cultural activities, among which the larger and wide-ranging influence are the “Grandpa Qing Parade” on the Lantern Festival of the first lunar month, the Mazu God’s Birth Festival on the 23rd of the third lunar month, and the Ullamyan Festival on the 15th of the seventh lunar month (Zhongyuan Festival), etc.
The birthday of the Mazu God is the most important temple fair of Fengshan Ancestral Temple. On that day, the big dramas were held, and many other types of operas from Shanwei, including the main character opera, the Western Qin opera, the white character opera, the Chaozhou opera, the Cantonese opera, and other operas took turns to the stage. In recent years, even the Huangmei Opera in Anhui and Henan Opera in Henan have been invited to participate. Local opera troupes will be honored to perform at the Fengshan Ancestral Temple stage, as an excellent opportunity to showcase the troupe’s level and the talent and style of the actors.
In addition to displaying the rich and colorful folk culture and art of Shanwei, the Fengshan Mazu Temple Fair also has various local food and snacks, which are dazzling. The traditional relic program of competing for color cannons is also loved by the public, attracting thousands of people from all walks of life to participate in the bidding for the cannon head. The scene is tense and vivid and spectacular. Getting the color cannon means that the year will be safe, prosperous, and good luck will be with you.
This issue is co-organized by Shanwei Municipal CPPCC