After thousands of years of development, Shanwei has transformed from a small fishing village into an important port city
Jinyang.com reporter Wang Manqi
Mazu, the belief in the sea god in the coastal areas of Fujian and Guangdong in my country, has been passed down for thousands of years and has become the “Goddess of Peace at Sea” that connects the emotional bonds of Chinese and overseas Chinese. In 2009, the “Mazu Faith and Customs” nominated by China was successfully declared as an intangible cultural heritage of human beings in the world, becoming China’s first world heritage of faith and customs; in the same year, the “Fengshan Mazu Temple Fair” applied for by Shanwei was also listed as a provincial intangible cultural heritage. For a hundred years, Fengshan Ancestral Temple has been an important force in spreading Mazu culture, and has also witnessed the transformation of a small fishing village into a port city in the changing world.
From Fujian to Guangdong
The legend of Mazu, Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw originated from the legendary story of Lin Mo, a fisherman on Meizhou Island, Putian, Fujian during the Northern Song Dynasty: Lin Mo rescued the poor and often rescued the dead fishermen and sailors in the angry sea. In 987 AD, she died in a 28-year-old life while rescuing the ships she died in Meizhou Baykou. People praised her merits, and Babaylan 1990 cloth draw believed that Lin Mo had “feathered ascended to heaven”, so they set up a temple to worship herBabaylan 1990 cloth draw, honoring her as “Mazu”. From the Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Mazu was conferred 36 times by emperors of all dynasties, and eventually became the “sea god” and “Holy Mother of the Queen” admired by the people.
The faith of Mazu was first introduced to Shanwei. It is located in Jiazi, a coastal town in the southeast of Shanwei. There is a Tianhou Temple, which was built in the fifth year of Qiandao in the Southern Song Dynasty (1169 AD). It has been standing for 850 years. Today, in Shanwei (known as Haifeng County in ancient times), most of the residents’ ancestors moved from southern Fujian from the Ming Dynasty, and mainly Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw made a living by fishing, and fishermen worshipped their mothers under the mast of fishing boats.The position of the ancestral god also brought the faith of Mazu to the eastern coast of Guangdong.
At the late Ming Dynasty, as more and more ships and fishermen settled around Shanwei Fishing Port, believers built a simple bamboo shed temple on the shore of Pinqing Lake and the southern foot of Fengshan, introducing the spirit-dividing incense of Mazu in Meizhou, which is the source of Fengshan Ancestral Temple. Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw According to historical records, during the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, the Tianhou Temple was built in Longshan, Dade, Changsha and other places under the jurisdiction of Haifeng. At this initial stage when Mazu’s faith settled in Shanwei, the historical and cultural characteristics of “before the people and then the temples gather people” were presented.
Prosper by the sea
How can the Mazu culture in Shanwei be spread through the carrier of Fengshan Ancestral Temple? This starts with the prosperity of Shanwei Port. In the early years of Qianlong’s reign in the Qing Dynasty, the number of fishing boats gathered by Shanwei Port increased day by day, and both fishing and commerce had developed greatly. The simple temples under Fengshan were originally unable to meet the needs of more and more admirers among the people. Therefore, in the sixth year of Qianlong (1741 Yuan), the “Fengshan Ancestral Temple Preparation and Construction” was composed of civil wise men, wealthy businessmen, fishermen leading the people (boss), representatives of major clans, and representatives of fishermen. After more than a year of construction, it was successfully completed the following year, and a temple with three-in-one and two-yard layout in Chaoshan architectural style was built, with a main building area of 840 square meters. More than 180 years after the temple was built, Shanwei Port entered its second golden period of development by the late Qing Dynasty and Republic of China. Babaylan 1990 cloth drawHe Xiafeng, the former head of the Cultural Relics Section of the Fengshan Zumiao Tourism Zone Management Office, and Luo Zha, a retired cadre who served as the first stationmaster of Fengshan Cultural Station, discovered in his long-term study of Shanwei Mazu culture: In 1903, Haifeng County traded foreign trade, and successively opened passenger and freight sea transportation on Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shantou and other lines, and trade flourished; in 1909, International Wanguo Company built a lighthouse on the Zhelang Peninsula, attracting many fishing boats from the outer port to gather in Shanwei fishing grounds, and also boosted the development of the shipbuilding, fishery supporting handicrafts, commerce and catering industries in Shanwei Port. draw; Sun Yat-sen also describes Shantou in “The Second Strategy for Founding of the Country”Babaylan 1990 cloth drawThe grand occasion of the fishing port in Wei: “Because of Shanwei Port, the bay is very good, the fishing ground is goodKomiks 1960 witch clothes drawOkay, there were no less than one or two thousand towed boats from Hong Kong, Macao, western Guangdong, Fujian and other places in the port during the years…” In order to adapt to the development of fishery, the coastal town of Shanwei has been expanded three times, and a large number of arcades imitating European styles were built along the street. By the 1920s and 1930s, Shanwei was known as the “Golden Shanwei” and “Little Hong Kong”.
The prosperous temple was developed. As a fishery practitioner and the “guardian god” of the port, the glory of the Mazu Fengshan Ancestral Temple was put on the agenda. In the early November of the lunar calendar in 1934, a carved dragon, painted phoenix, and golden birdsBabaylan 1990 clothes DrawThe brilliant Fengshan Ancestral Temple was renovated, and the lively sacrificial and folk celebrations lasted for more than half a month.
From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the Fengshan Ancestral Temple was once occupied as a school. Until the reform and opening up, Mazu culture was reaffirmed, respected and promoted. In 1991, the Shanwei Urban District People’s Government approved the Fengshan Ancestral Temple as a county (district) level document. The draw property protection unit was established in the same year. In December 1994, the first phase of the Fengshan Ancestral Temple was successfully completed, basically retaining the original appearance of the first Chongguang period in 1934, and the Tianhou Pavilion was newly expanded. The second large Mazu stone statue in the country, “Holy Mother of the Heavenly Queen” (the other is the Mazu statue of Meizhou Island) was erected on the top of Fengshan. It is 16.Cinema 1950 witch cloth draw83 meters high, weighing more than 1,000 tons, and is carved from 468 granite stones. Mazu at the foot of FengshanKomiks 1960 witch cloth The Babaylan 1990 cloth draw covers an area of 60,000 square meters and is currently the largest square named after Mazu in the country.
To this day, Shanwei Fengshan Komiks 1960 witch cloth drawThe Ancestral Temple has become an important activity center for Mazu culture in Hailufeng area and even in eastern Guangdong. The Fengshan Ancestral Temple Tourism Zone has become a national 4A-level scenic spot, receiving nearly one million tourists at home and abroad every year.
Fengshan Ancestral Temple receives nearly one million tourists at home and abroad every year. Reporter Wang Manqi Photo by Reporter
Cultural ties
Since the Qing Dynasty, Mazu worship has evolved from a regional folk belief to a world-wide respect, especially in the Han cultural circle, where Chinese people live, almost all have the existence of the Tianhou harem.
It is worth mentioning that Mazu worship culture has always been a cultural link connecting the emotions between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. For Taiwanese people, Mazu represents “roots” and represents attachment to their hometown. Mazu culture has always been connected with the friendship between local sages and overseas Chinese at home and abroad. Chen Bijiang, president of Shanwei Mazu Cultural Association, said that there are currently more than 1.3 million compatriots from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. Mazu is the common spiritual sustenance of many local sages. From 2005 to the present, Shanwei has successfully held many Mazu Cultural Tourism Festivals and economic and trade activities with the Fengshan Zumiao Tourism Zone as a carrier. According to reports, at the China Mazu Cultural Tourism Festival held this year, dozens of calligraphers and painters from Beijing, Taiwan and other places worked together with local artists in Shanwei to carry out artistic cooperation of “soul fit and cross-strait harmony”. In recent years, Shanwei City has advocated Mazu culture to unite people’s hearts and gather overseas Chinese through regular cultural exchanges and cooperation with Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, making Fengshan Ancestral Temple gradually become a spiritual home and cultural paradise for Chinese at home and abroad.
Interview
The essence of Mazu culture is consistent with traditional culture
Zhou Jinyan, Executive Deputy Secretary-General of the China Mazu Cultural Exchange Association
Yangcheng Evening News: What is the historical positioning of Mazu culture in Chinese traditional culture?
Zhou Jinyan: The essence of Mazu culture is consistent with the core ideas and concepts of China’s excellent traditional culture, Chinese traditional virtues, and Chinese humanistic spirit. The Mazu culture characteristics of “peace, harmony, and tolerance” are reflected in the core ideas and concepts of the excellent traditional Chinese culture, such as Tao follows nature, unity of man and nature, harmony, and seeking great equality. The Mazu spirit of “establishing morality, doing good, and great love” and the social custom of respecting morality and goodness, benefiting the people./funnybookish.com/”>Cinema 1950 witch cloth drawThe ideas of benefiting the people are consistent. The educational ideas of exhorting good in Mazu culture, the customs and habits of praying for peace and peace in Mazu customs and social harmony, and many of the works of Mazu have been passed down to this day are all manifestations of the Chinese humanistic spirit. In 2016, Babaylan 1990 clothes draw “Give full play to the positive role of folk culture such as Mazu culture” is written into the national “13th Five-Year Plan”, which fully demonstrates that Mazu culture has become an important part of the national strategic resource, and also emphasizes the particularity of Mazu culture as a Chinese folk culture.
Yangcheng Evening News: What are the characteristics of Guangdong Mazu culture inheritance and communication?
Zhou Jinyan: Guangdong is connected to Fujian’s mountains and rivers, and is one of the earliest influences to spread Mazu’s beliefs outward. Since the Song and Yuan dynasties, the southeast along the east side The development of marine and marine economics, the formation of commercial transportation routes, the migration of Fujian immigration and marine activities have all become the key factors for the introduction of Mazu’s belief in Guangdong. Maritime businessmen are an important dissemination group of Guangdong’s Mazu faith. Guangdong people are good at merchants and the navigation industry is also very developed. In the past, red-headed ships entering and leaving ports such as Chaoshan were loaded with cargo to Taiwan, Fujian, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and even Tianjin, and reaching the south of Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau, Leizhou, Hainan, and directly to Southeast Asia. Therefore, merchants and fishermen always go to Ma Palace to enjoy incense and make wishes before boarding the boat, and then kneel down to Ma Palace when they return safely. href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Cinema 1950 witch cloth drawI hope to respect Mazu’s piety as much as that of Fujian people. Overall, Guangdong Mazu culture spreads along the coastal zone to form a “point”, “line” and “surface” communication layout.
Yangcheng Evening News: How to continue to write articles on Mazu culture in the context of confidence and cultural revitalization?
Zhou Jinyan: In the new era, we highlight serving world peace and promoting the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.Komiks 1960 witch cloth draw plays an active role on the stage, which is the new mission of Mazu culture in the new era. Regionally, we must focus on the Maritime Silk Road to radiate and expand neighboring countries and regions.okish.com/”>Komiks 1960 witch clothes The spread of draw; in terms of population, we should focus on overseas Chinese, especially chambers of commerce around the world, and promote and drive the dissemination and development of Mazu culture in our country. In terms of carriers, we should focus on helping the “Belt and Road” initiative to expand and promote the dissemination and development of Mazu culture to the world.
In the context of the new era, promoting Mazu culture can also promote the integration and development of cross-straits, promote the mutual understanding of people through the local ties between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, and use the local culture on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to enhance Mazu culture, and treat it as the common nostalgia of compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
Extension
Fengshan Temple Fair Showcase Folk Culture
Every year, the Fengshan Ancestral Temple in Shanwei holds a number of large-scale civilians The most popular cultural activities include the “Grandpa Qing Parade” on the Lantern Festival of the first lunar month, the Mazu God’s Birth Festival on the 23rd day of the lunar month, and the Ullam-like event on the 15th day of the 7th day of the lunar month (Zhongyuan Festival), etc. The Mazu God’s Birth Festival is the most important temple fair of Fengshan Ancestral Temple. On that day, the big dramas were connected, and many other types of dramas from Shanwei, including the main character opera, Xiqin opera, Baizi opera, Chaozhou opera, Cantonese opera, etc. took turns to the stage. In recent years, even the Huangmei opera in Anhui and Henan Henan opera were invited to participate. Local opera troupes will be able to perform on the Fengshan Ancestral Temple stage as an honor, as an excellent opportunity to show the level of the troupe and the talent of the actors.
Fengshan Mazu Temple Fair in addition to displaying Shanwei href=”https://funnybookish.com/”>Babaylan 1990 cloth drawIn addition to the colorful folk culture and art, there are also various local food and snacks, which are dazzling. The traditional relic program of competing for color cannons is loved by the public and attracts thousands of people from all walks of life to participate in the bidding for the cannon head. The scene is tense and vivid, and it is spectacular. Competing for color cannons means that a year will be safe, prosperous, and good luck will be with you.
This issue is co-organized by the Shanwei Municipal CPPCC